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Количество страниц: 10 с.
- Математика. Естественные науки > Физика,
- Прикладные науки. Медицина. Ветеринария. Техника. Сельское хозяйство > Строительство. Строительные материалы. Строительно-монтажные работы,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ НАУКИ. МЕДИЦИНА. ТЕХНИКА. СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО > Строительство. Строительные материалы. Строительно-монтажные работы,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > МАТЕМАТИКА. ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Физика.
The present study outlines the synthesis of carbon that include graphene flakes. The production process employed rapid Joule heating of a mixture consisting of finely dispersed polypropylene powder and carbon black in a 1:1 ratio. An experimental model of the installation was developed and constructed, based on a capacitor bank with a total capacitance of 32 mF and an inductor with a nominal value of 24 mH for production purposes. A solution was prepared that included a colloidal dispersion of epoxy resins, an amine hardener in a mixture of deionized water and ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 4:0.6:10, along with 1 wt. % of the resulting carbon powder and carbon black, to be used as an impregnating compound for glass fibers. The estimated synthesis temperature reached up to 2200 °C, with a duration of approximately 32 ms. Studies of Raman spectra and optical density in the UV range indicate that the synthesized carbon powders contain graphene flakes with lateral dimensions of up to 13 nm. The results of elemental analysis reveal a significant increase in the carbon atom content in the impregnated fiber compared to the original glass fiber. Electrical measurements of the temperature dependence of the current-voltage (C-V) characteristics demonstrated the presence of electrical conductivity at low temperatures, corresponding to a resistance of up to 8 MΩ/sq. In the future, electrical conductivity may be enhanced by increasing the discharge power. The developed configuration for fast Joule heating has the potential to be integrated into the field of efficient recycling of plastic waste. The resulting carbon powders can serve as modifying additives for glass fiber used in the production of fiberglass concretes.
Получение быстрым джоулевым нагревом углеродных графенсодержащих порошков и их применение в качестве модификаторов для стекловолокна / А. Р. Прокопьев, Е. Д. Васильева, Н. Н. Лоскин, Д. Н. Попов ; Академия наук Республики Саха (Якутия), Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. - 2024.- N 4, Т. 29. - C. 651-660. - DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-651-660
DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-651-660
Количество страниц: 10 с.
The construction of linear structures significantly impacts the livelihoods of wild ungulates in Yakutia, disrupting the integrity of the natural environment by fragmenting forest areas and reducing the extent of forest biocenoses and wildlife habitats. Between 2015 and 2022, studies were conducted to assess the impact of the Berkakit-Tommot-Nizhny Bestyakh railway on the movements of wild ungulates in Central Yakutia. During the winter months (November to January), seven trails, totaling 280 km, were surveyed along a 40 km section of the railway. A total of 115 tracks from four species of wild ungulates-Siberian roe deer, wild reindeer, red deer, and elk-were recorded over various years. We observed that the negative impact of the engineering structure on the movements of wild ungulates was primarily evident during the initial phase of its construction. During the early stages of railway construction, the high level of disturbance and the introduction of an unfamiliar artificial structure disrupted the natural movement patterns of wild ungulates. However, these patterns were restored following the completion of the railway. Wild ungulates exhibited varying responses to the unfamiliar artificial structure: wild reindeer began to cross the railway in the first year after its construction, while roe deer and red deer did so within one year, and elk took six years to adapt. The natural movement routes of wild ungulates were reestablished four to five years after the railway was completed. The succession of vegetation in the altered forest landscapes along the railway enhanced the forage base for roe deer, red deer, and elk, as abundant grass and shrub cover emerged, leading to the development of new alternative habitats in the previously disturbed areas. Therefore, the Berkakit-Tommot-Nizhny Bestyakh railway, at its current level of operational intensity, does not pose a significant threat to the movement paths of wild ungulates.
Аргунов, А. В.
Воздействие железной дороги на перемещение диких копытных в Центральной Якутии / А. В. Аргунов ; Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны СО РАН // Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. - 2024.- N 4, Т. 29. - C. 641-650. - DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-641-650
DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-641-650
Количество страниц: 13 с.
This study reports the findings of a morphometric analysis conducted on 358 worker specimens of the white-tailed bumblebee, Bombus lucorum, which were collected from the Middle Lena Valley (Central Yakutia) and the Yana River Valley (Central Upper Yana Region, North-Eastern Yakutia). Statistical analyses, including one-way and two-way ANOVA, were employed to evaluate the data. The results indicated that bumblebees from the Central Upper Yana Region exhibited larger body and wing dimensions compared to their counterparts from Central Yakutia; however, significant differences were only noted in the measurements of the notum and abdomen widths (p < 0.01), as well as in all measurements of the front and hind wings (p < 0.001). These changes are posited to have developed as adaptations to more extreme natural and climatic conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that bumblebee workers of B. lucorum collected during the latter part of summer were statistically larger than those gathered earlier in the season. A notable difference was identified between two micropopulations within the Yana River Valley, where bumblebees from a non-transformed biotope were larger than those from a post-fire succession, likely attributable to variations in the availability of trophic resources. In the Middle Lena Valley, the body size of B. lucorum exhibited a significant correlation with forage availability, with larger individuals preferentially utilizing larger plants and inflorescences. Consequently, the sizes and proportions of bumblebee workers of B. lucorum in the North are influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including climatic and biotopic conditions, as well as the availability of trophic resources.
Эколого-географическая изменчивость морфометрических признаков рабочих особей Bombus lucorum L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) в условиях Севера / В. Ю. Солдатова, Е. Г. Шадрина, Н. Г. Давыдова, М. Ю. Затеев ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова, Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны // Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. - 2024. - N 4, Т. 29. - C. 628-640. - DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-628-640
DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-628-640
Количество страниц: 10 с.
The aim of this research was to investigate the hibernation pattern of the Siberian chipmunk across a broad range of temperatures, to determine the optimal temperature for hibernation, and to assess their ability to hibernate in relatively low environmental temperatures. In late August, three chipmunks had thermochron temperature sensors (DS-1922L-F5) surgically implanted to monitor their body temperature. The hibernation cycles of four chipmunks were studied by altering the temperature in their nesting materials. When the animals were moved to an underground lab with a temperature of -4 °C, the difference between their body temperature and the surrounding temperature increased by nearly 8 °C, reaching 12 °C to 14 °C as the ambient temperature dropped further. The length of hypothermia periods decreased while the frequency of awakenings increased. The lowest recorded body temperature was at least 1 °C. The longest hypothermia durations occurred in chipmunks exposed to temperatures between -4 °C and 4 °C, lasting 226 to 283 hours (9.4 to 11.8 days). For two chipmunks hibernating at temperatures below -6 °C, the hypothermia intervals averaged 73 and 99 hours, while other individuals had intervals of 174 to 188 hours. The optimal hibernation temperature range for chipmunksin Yakutia is between -4 °C to -6 °C and +5 °C to +6 °C. Hibernation ceases at ambient temperatures above 12 °C to 14 °C. When temperatures drop below -6 °C to -10 °C, the hibernation rhythm changes, resulting in shorter hypothermia intervals,similar to those observed at higher positive temperatures. This research enhances our understanding of how relatively small mammals can hibernate in low ambient temperatures (down to -10 °C). The findings may also be relevant for comparative studies on the hibernation of other small winter-hibernating mammals, such as hamsters and dormice, weighing up to 100 grams.
Ануфриев, А. И.
Температура тела и ритмика спячки бурундука Eutamias sibiricus в различных диапазонах окружающих температур / А. И. Ануфриев, В. Ф. Ядрихинский ; Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны СО РАН, Арктический государственный агротехнологический университет // Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. - 2024. - N 4, Т. 29. - C. 618-627. - DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-618-627
DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-618-627
Количество страниц: 11 с.
Changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in buds during the winter-spring period (January-May) were studied in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) growing in Karelia and Yakutia. Phospholipids were isolated from total lipids using column chromatography, while fatty acids were separated through gas chromatography. The metrics for acyl-lipid desaturase activity were represented by the ratios of stearoyl- (SDR), oleoyl- (ODR), and linoleoyl- (LDR) desaturases. Our findings demonstrate that, regardless of geographical location, the predominant phospholipid fraction during the development of primordia within the bud consists of unsaturated fatty acids. During the period of exogenous bud dormancy, dienoic acids were the most prevalent; however, their share declined by the onset of the growing season, while the proportion of trienoic acids increased. These changes were accompanied by a slight rise in the double bond index. Conversely, the unsaturation index nearly doubled by March, with this change being particularly pronounced in Yakutia. Simultaneously, the SDR and ODR values were high, indirectly indicating the active involvement of ω9 and ω6 desaturases in maintaining the liquid-crystalline state of phospholipids. The LDR value in phospholipids was the lowest, yet it nearly tripled by the onset of the growing season in both Karelia and Yakutia. We hypothesize that the liquid state of phospholipids in the cell membranes of meristematic tissue in the buds of silver birch growing in Karelia and Yakutia during the winter-spring period is sustained by high desaturase activity, with the most significant response to temperature changes observed in acyl-lipid ω3 desaturase. Furthermore, through the course of evolution, silver birch in Yakutia has developed an additional mechanism that involves a pronounced reduction in cell and tissue water content, which also contributes to maintaining an ordered state of phospholipids and their functions, particularly when exposed to extremely low air temperatures and permafrost.
Жирнокислотный состав фосфолипидов в почках березы повислой в зимне-весенний период в условиях Карелии и Якутии / Л. В. Ветчинникова, А. Ф. Титов, Т. Д. Татаринова [и др.] ; Институт леса Карельского научного центра РАН, Институт биологии Карельского научного центра РАН, Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны // Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. - 2024. - N 4, Т. 29. - C. 597-607. - DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-597-607
DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-597-607
Количество страниц: 8 с.
The response of biota to both global and regional climate changes represents a critical topic extensively examined in the scientific literature. This study aims to investigate the correlation between climatic changes in Central Yakutia and the phenological development of three indigenous steppe plant species. The species under consideration include Gagea pauciflora, Phlox sibirica, and Phlomoides tuberosa, which belong to different rhythmological groups. The research employed data from long-term phenological observations conducted in accordance with the methodology established by I. N. Beydeman (1974). A comprehensive analysis of the long-term climatic and phenological data reveals that the changing climate in Central Yakutia elicits a modest yet complex phenological response among the studied species. Notably, Gagea pauciflora, an ephemeroid, demonstrates the highest degree of phenological stability over a 50-year observation period, with all recorded shifts in its phenological development remaining statistically insignificant at the 0.05 level. The seasonal development of Gagea pauciflora occurs primarily in May and June and exhibits minimal sensitivity to meteorological conditions, indicating the species’ resilience to spring temperature fluctuations. Statistically significant alterations in phenological timing were noted exclusively during the vegetation termination phase for Phlox sibirica and Phlomoides tuberosa. The observed inertia in the phenological responses of these species to the climatic changes in Central Yakutia underscores a diverse array of adaptations among plants to northern environmental conditions, tenabling them to resist regional climate shifts and sustain phenological stability.
Фенологическая устойчивость степных растений в условиях меняющегося климата Центральной Якутии / Н. С. Данилова, С. З. Борисова, Н. Н. Егорова, Д. Н. Андросова ; Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны, Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. - 2024. - N 4, Т. 29. - C. 589-596. - DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-589-596
DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-589-596
Издательство: Книжное издательство
Год выпуска: 1965
Количество страниц: 156 с.
Издательство: Институт биологии
Год выпуска: 1977
Количество страниц: 180 с.
Количество страниц: 11 с.
Since the 1990s, climate variability has significantly increased, revealing various climatic anomalies. A clear trend of rising air temperatures has been observed in the permafrost zone and its adjacent areas, adversely affecting the state of frozen soils. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly important to assess the thermal stability of frozen soils in light of current climate change. As a result, it is becoming increasingly crucial to evaluate the thermal stability of these frozen soils in the context of ongoing climate change. A geothermal criterion (Gk) is suggested to assess the impact of climate change on the temperature regime of frozen soils in areas with seasonally active permafrost. (Gk) is represented through a dimensionless temperature simplex t* = (ti /Te) and the Fourier criterion. It is intended to analyze experimental data from geothermal permafrost research collected via borehole thermometry. The theoretical basis for the practical use of this proposed criterion has been established, showing its broad applicability and significant potential for interpreting data from long-term in-situ observations of temperature regime development in frozen soils within seasonally active permafrost.
Геотермический критерий оценки устойчивости многолетнемерзлых пород слоя годовых теплооборотов / А. Ф. Галкин, М. Н. Железняк, А. Ф. Жирков, В. И. Балута ; Институт мерзлотоведения им. П. И. Мельникова СО РАН, Институт прикладной математики им. М. В. Келдыша РАН // Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. - 2024. - N 4, Т. 29. - C. 543-552. - DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-543-552
DOI: 10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-4-543-552
Издательство: ЯФ СО АН СССР
Год выпуска: 1974
Количество страниц: 196 с.
Экспериментальные методы исследования космических лучей сверхвысоких энергий : материалы всесоюзного симпозиума, 19-23 июня 1972 г., Якутск / Академия наук СССР, Якутский филиал Сибирского отделения, Институт космофизических исследований и аэрономии, Научный совет по комплексной проблеме "Космические лучи" ; ответственный редактор Д. Д. Красильников. - Якутск : ЯФ СО АН СССР, 1974. - 192 с.