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Количество страниц: 9 с.
The high latitude ionospheric plasma is a difficult medium to describe due to the dependence of its parameters on heliogeophysical conditions. Its large-scale structure is influenced by processes such as magnetospheric convection, plasmaspheric flows of particles and heat, as well as the precipitation of energetic particles in the region of the auroral oval. These processes are non-stationary and their characteristics change significantly during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. Therefore, the modelling of the high-latitude ionosphere is associated with the development of a model that has a computationally stable numerical solution at a sufficiently high spatio-temporal resolution. For this purpose, in this work, we have carried out a study of the computational stability of the mathematical model of the high-latitude ionosphere (Eulerian approach) when different integration steps in time and space are specified. It is shown that the ionospheric model retains computational stability at all selected steps, and the results of numerical calculations are qualitatively consistence and describe the main large-scale structural formations of the high-latitude ionosphere. The results show that the developed model can be used in the study of non-stationary processes occurring in the ionospheric plasma, as well as in the study of the ionosphere during magnetic storms and substorms.
Гололобов, А. Ю. Исследование вычислительной устойчивости модели высокоширотной ионосферы / А. Ю. Гололобов, И. А. Голиков ; Институт космофизических исследований и аэрономии им. Ю. Г. Шафера // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 2 (96). - С. 37-45. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-2-37-45
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-2-37-45
Количество страниц: 8 с.
- Общественные науки. Образование > Обеспечение духовных и материальных жизненных потребностей. Социальное обеспечение. Социальная помощь. Обеспечение жилищем. Страхование > Потребность в жилище и ее удовлетворение. Обеспечение жилищем. Жилищный вопрос,
- Математика. Естественные науки > Ботаника,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > МАТЕМАТИКА. ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Ботаника,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Обеспечение духовных и материальных жизненных потребностей. Социальное обеспечение. Социальная помощь. Обеспечение жилищем. Страхование.
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest constituent entity of the Russian Federation, located in the north-east of Russia and characterised by a harsh sharply continental climate with very low air temperatures in winter and high in summer, insignificant average annual precipitation, and the spread of permafrost. The genus of ascomycetes lichens Fuscopannaria P. M. Jørg. includes small species found in areas with a cool temperate climate in the northern hemisphere. According to the literature data, 3 species of the genus Fuscopannaria were previously known in Yakutia. The species F. viridescens was discovered in the Lena River delta. The location of the species F. praetermissa is indicated for the Arctic zone and for the State Nature Reserve "Olekminsky". The species F. leucosticta (= Panaria leucosticta) is given for the Tokinsky Stanovik. The purpose of this work is to generalise the data on the lichens of the genus Fuscopannaria, which are common in Yakutia; revision of the genus in the lichen collections of the IBPC SB RAS Herbarium (SASY). As a result of the conducted research, the author identified the species F. ahlneri; the species F. leucosticta has been redefined as F. praetermissa. For a new species in Yakutia, F. ahlneri is given a comparative description, distinctive features, information on location, ecology. Criteria for the identification of a group of cyanobiont lichen species native to Siberia and the Far East, having similar morphological features with the presence of photobiont Nostoc in the thallus, rarely forming apothecia, are discussed. A key has been compiled to identify the species of the genus Fuscopannaria in Yakutia: F. ahlneri, F. praetermissa, F. viridescens. Updated data on the specimens of the genus Fuscopannaria in the SASY herbarium.
Порядина, Л. Н. Виды рода Fuscopannaria P. M. Jørg. (Lichens) в Республике Саха (Якутия) / Л. Н. Порядина ; Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 2 (96). - С. 29-36. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-2-29-36
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-2-29-36
Количество страниц: 7 с.
- Общий отдел > Общие вопросы науки и культуры,
- Математика. Естественные науки > Зоология,
- Краеведение. Археология. География. Биографии. История > Общие вопросы. География как наука. Географические исследования,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > КРАЕВЕДЕНИЕ. ГЕОГРАФИЯ. БИОГРАФИИ. ИСТОРИЯ > Общие вопросы. География как наука. Географические исследования,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ОБЩИЙ ОТДЕЛ > Общие вопросы науки и культуры,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > МАТЕМАТИКА. ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Зоология.
The article is dedicated to the 170th anniversary of the Vilyuisk (Yakutia) expedition organised by the Siberian (Irkutsk) branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1853-1885). It was led by Richard Karlovich Maack (Germ. Richard Otto Maack), a Russian naturalist of German origin and explorer of Siberia and the Far East. It also contains some information on the Pribaikalia and Transbaikalia, taken along the way during the subsequent Amur (1855-1856) and Ussuri (1859-1960) expeditions. The route, dates, and composition of the expedition are described and the contribution of the scientist to various fields of natural science and, above all, to the study of vertebrates of the region is evaluated. Scientists have identified the habitat of amphibians and reptiles (4 species), birds (121), mammals (34), which is relatively large against the background of regional studies conducted in Eastern Siberia at that time. According to the lists of bird species published in the fundamental work of the scientist "Vilyuisky district of the Yakut region" [1883-1887], the distribution of 5 species of Gallinaceous birds (Gallinaceae) in the middle of the XIX century was revealed - Hazel Grouse, Western and Black-billied Capercaillies, Black Grouse, Willow Ptarmigan. For Transbaikalia and Pribaikalia, the habitat of two more species is noted - Gray and Bearded Partridges. The Common Pheasant was accounted for by R. K. Maack only in the Amur region and the Amur region (Far East). In general, over the century and a half of the history of studying Gallinaceous birds, their species composition has practically not changed in the researcher's work area. In Yakutia, it was replenished with species from the eastern and southern regions, living there Rock Partridge and Siberian Grouse. On the scale of Eastern Siberia, only the Pheasant is currently supplementing the Gallinaceous birds list as a new species in the region, documented in the south of Eastern Siberia - in the Eastern Sayan bordering the Baikal region and in some places of Transbaikalia (not yet precisely confirmed).
Елаев, Э. Н. Вилюйская экспедиция Ричарда Маака в изучении орнитофауны и куриных птиц (Gallinaceae) Восточной Сибири / Э. Н. Елаев, А. П. Исаев ; Бурятский государственный университет им. Д. Банзарова, Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны СО РАН // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 2 (96). - С. 14-20. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-2-14-20
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-2-14-20
Количество страниц: 7 с.
The parasite of nine-spine sticklebacks, the Neoechinorhynchus beringianus, was found in the intestines of the broad whitefish caught in the Buyunda River, the Kolyma tributary. The morphometric parameters of the found specimen and individuals of the same species from the population existing in the lower reaches of the Kolyma River were compared. The possible conditions of the host species infection with a non-indigenous parasite and the variants of the acanthocephalan settlement in the river basin are considered.
Михайлова, Е. И. Редкая находка: скребень neoechinorhynchus beringianus (eoacanthocephala: neoechinorhynchidae) в бассейне Верхней Колымы / Михайлова Е. И. ; ФГБУН Институт биологических проблем Севера ДВО РАН // Вестник Северо-Восточного научного центра ДВОРАН. - 2024. - N 2. - С. 82-88. - DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2024-2-82-88
DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2024-2-82-88
Количество страниц: 11 с.
Currently, the use of electron microscopes in medicine is developing intensively, including scanning electron microscopes (SEM), which are designed to solve a huge number of problems in various fields with a wide range of electron accelerating voltages and electron beam energies. The development of an SEM with certain emission characteristics, with a range of lower beam energies for the study of biological samples, is an urgent task because modifying the SEM to solve problems in medicine, for example, would make it possible to obtain higher-quality images of biospecimens for diagnostics and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. To develop new SEMs with certain characteristics, it is proposed to conduct less expensive research using numerical methods based on mathematical models of processes in electron-optical SEM systems. In this regard, this work sets the task of determining the size and shape of the beam, the main emission characteristics of the field electron cathode (FEC) of the SEM, which is under the influence of the electric field that excites electron emission and the external longitudinal magnetic field by studying the movement of the outermost electron of the beam, taking into account the influence of space charge beam electrons, external magnetic field. In the model, the FEC is approximated by a paraboloid of rotation, and the concept of a boundary “outermost” electron is introduced, the trajectory of which determines the shape and size of the beam. The problem of calculating the emission characteristics along the trajectory of the outermost electron of a FEC is solved using a mathematical model that includes the following equations: motion of the "outermost" electron, Maxwell outside and inside the beam, continuity of the current density, Fowler-Nordheim equation. As a result, a system of 18 first-order ordinary differential equations was obtained, the numerical calculation of which using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method allows us to obtain the emission characteristics of the FEC. As a result, it is suggested that it would be feasible to modify SEMs for more effective use in the medical field, taking into account their increasing use in disease diagnosis and the possible improvement of image quality through the development of FEC SEMs with more suitable characteristics.
Математическое моделирование эмиссионных характеристик полевого электронного катода в растровом электронном микроскопе в условиях исследования биообразцов / С. Н. Мамаева, Н. В. Егоров, Б. В. Яковлев [и др.] ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 1 (95). - С. 70-80. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-70-80
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-70-80
Количество страниц: 7 с.
- Математика. Естественные науки > Общая биология. Антропология. Вирусология. Микробиология,
- Прикладные науки. Медицина. Ветеринария. Техника. Сельское хозяйство > Сельское хозяйство. Лесное хозяйство. Охота. Рыболовное хозяйство,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > МАТЕМАТИКА. ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Общая биология. Антропология. Вирусология. Микробиология,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ НАУКИ. МЕДИЦИНА. ТЕХНИКА. СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО > Сельское хозяйство. Лесное хозяйство. Охота. Рыболовное хозяйство.
The importance of studying the microelement composition of soils and vegetation in the Northern territories is due to the role of microelements in soil formation under cryolithozone conditions, and secondly, the influence of the microelement background of plants on the physiological functions of animals and humans. At the same time, heavy metals deserve special attention as they pose a threat to all living organisms due to their ability to accumulate. The article presents data on the content of heavy metals in the aboveground parts of meadow grasses growing under cryolithozone conditions - in the Khangalassky district, located in the Central Yakut biogeochemical province. Atomic absorption spectral analysis showed that the content of heavy metals - cadmium and lead - in the aboveground parts of the studied plants varied significantly depending on the place of collection, but did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. The concentration of zinc in some of the herbal collection points exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations. The need to study the content of heavy metals in plants is due to the fact that they are the primary link in the movement of toxic elements along the trophic chain into the human body. Lead and cadmium accumulate in parenchymal organs, are carcinogenic and affect the morbidity and mortality of the northern population.
Миронова, Г. Е. К вопросу о содержании токсических элементов в луговых травах сельской местности Хангаласского района / Г. Е. Миронова, А. А. Григорьева ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова, Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем, Арктический медицинский центр // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 1 (95). - С. 5-11. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-5-11
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-5-11
Количество страниц: 12 с.
Pyrola incarnata is a typical boreal species that is widespread in the taiga zone. In Central Yakutia, it often acts as a co-dominant in the herbaceous-shrub layer of larch forests. Based on the results of analysis of geobotanical descriptions according to the Brown-Blanke method, all phytocenoses with the participation of P. incarnata were divided into 4 associations (acc. Saxifrago bronchialis-Pinetum sylvestris, acc. Limnado stelleri-Laricetum cajanderi, acc. Aquilegio parviflorae-Laricetum cajanderi and acc. Ledo palustris-Laricetum cajanderi), which belong to the class of coniferous forests Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl., Siss. et Vlieger 1939 [1]. The article presents data on the analysis of environmental parameters and floristic analysis of forest communities with the participation of Pyrola incarnata. The leading families and related species involved in the formation of phytocenoses together with P. incarnata, the dependence of the state of P. incarnata on the floral composition of phytocenoses were identified. The identification of the ecological preferences of P. incarnata was carried out according to the method of environmental humidity indicators and richness factors-salinity. As a result of the studies conducted in the conditions of Central Yakutia, we have found out that the species is characterised by a relatively wide range of tolerance in terms of the moisture factor. It prefers growth sites from dry meadows to raw meadows type of moisture, stages from 59.2 to 68.3, and in terms of the richness-salinity prefers rather rich soils, stages from 8.2 to 11.5. At the same time, the phytocenoses of assoc. Ledo palustris-Laricetum cajanderi, Limnado stelleri-Laricetum cajanderi and Saxifrago bronchialis-Pinetum sylvestris were clearly distributed along the gradients of richness-salinity and moisture, and the communities of assoc.. Aquilegio parviflorae-Laricetum cajanderi tends towards dry meadow conditions and is located completely on top of the indicators of the communities of the association Saxifrago bronchialis-Pinetum sylvestris, and partially overlapping the area. The indicators of the Limnado stelleri-Laricetum cajanderi assoc. did not affect the area of wetter conditions, the zone of distribution of the phytocenoses of the Ledo palustris - Laricetum cajanderi assoc.
Никифорова, А. А. Эколого-флористическая характеристика лесных сообществ с участием Pyrola incarnatа (DC.) Freynв условиях Центральной Якутии / А. А. Никифорова ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 1 (95). - С. 12-23. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-12-23
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-12-23
Количество страниц: 13 с.
The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), frozen into the solar wind plasma, determines the level of geomagnetic activity and significantly affects the large-scale structure of the high-latitude ionosphere. Variations in the IMF components lead to non-stationarity of the magnetospheric convection electric field, causing changes in the spatio-temporal distribution of charged particles in the ionosphere. The situation is complicated by the fact that the geographic and geomagnetic poles do not coincide, which leads to universal time control (UT control) of the parameters of the high-latitude ionosphere. The effect of the poles displacement is most manifest in winter. Therefore, in this work, within the framework of a nonstationary mathematical model of the F-region of the ionosphere in Euler variables, taking into account the displacement between the geographic and geomagnetic poles, we study the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field components on the large-scale structure of the high-latitude ionosphere in winter. For this, the Weimer model of high-latitude electric potentials, which depends on the IMF, was used. As a result, of numerical modelling, it is shown that the IMF components affect the shape, size and spatio-temporal location of the main structural features of the high-latitude ionosphere depending on universal time. The obtained effect of ionisation tongue separation requires experimental confirmation. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed non-stationary three-dimensional model of the ionosphere in Euler variables can be applied to the study of ionospheric disturbances, including ionospheric disturbances associated with changes in the IMF components.
Гололобов, А. Ю. Численное моделирование влияния ММП на крупномасштабную структуру ионосферы с учетом несовпадения полюсов / А. Ю. Гололобов, И. А. Голиков ; Институт космофизических исследований иаэрономии им. Ю. Г. Шафера // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 1 (95). - С. 45-57. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-45-57
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-45-57
Количество страниц: 12 с.
This work reports on the methods developed by our group at ShICRA SB RAS to forecast negative manifestations of space weather from ground-based measurements of cosmic rays. Such manifestations are registered on the Earth in the form of decreases in galactic cosmic rays known as the Forbush effects, various types of geomagnetic and ionospheric disturbances, as well as auroras. Only the latters are directly visible to the naked eye, while the rest can only be detected with the help of various instruments. These occurrences are all caused by passage through the Earth’s orbit, such as the substantial influxes of charged particles from both solar and interplanetary sources, interplanetary shock waves, ejections of solar material and high-speed solar wind streams, all of which are attributed to the level of solar flares and coronal activity. The state of near-Earth space weather is determined by their presence. To monitor this state, we use data collected from ground-based cosmic ray stations and employ multiple methods to analyse these measurements. Additionally, we incorporate data from the Dst-index of the geomagnetic field and measurements of the interplanetary environmental parameters gathered by ACE, WIND, SOHO and DSCOVR spacecraft at the L1 libration point to confirm events. This has led to the development of techniques for predicting terrestrial effects of space weather in the short-term (1-3 days). Our findings suggest that it is feasible to predict the occurrence of severe geomagnetic storms in real-time through the utilisation of solely ground-based measurements from cosmic ray stations.
Прогноз возмущений солнечного ветра и геомагнитных бурь на основе наземных измерений космических лучей / А. С. Зверев, П. Ю. Гололобов, В. Г. Григорьев [и др.] ; Институт космофизических исследований и аэрономии им. Ю. Г. Шафера // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 1 (95). - С. 58-69. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-58-69
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-58-69
Количество страниц: 8 с.
The paper presents the results of a study on the search for correct methods for measuring a high-value current pulse, which will be used to conduct research on the electroplastic effect. The electroplastic effect is the effect of electric current pulses on the plastic flow of metals. Electroplastic metal forming technology is a relatively new metal forming process that is energy efficient, environmentally friendly and versatile. In particular, it can be used to process metals or alloys that are difficult to process using conventional manufacturing processes. For the experimental study of the electroplastic effect, it became necessary to measure pulse currents of large magnitude, not only in amplitude, but also in the shape of the pulse. The pulsed current causes the formation of an alternating electromagnetic field near the conductors, so it can be measured with a Rogovsky current transformer. The results of the work present a schematic electrical diagram and a photograph with the appearance of an experimental installation for the study of the electroplastic effect. The results of measurements of the current value, the voltage drop on the sample and the dependence of the peak voltage values on the sample on the peak current value are shown. After making calculations and renormalising the data for the voltage drop on the sample according to the peak value of the current obtained on the transformer, the authors obtained the desired current values. The error of this method is estimated by calculating the total capacitance of capacitors, which does not exceed 2%.
Разработка способа измерения импульсных токов большой величины / В. П. Татаринов, П. С. Татаринов, Ю. В. Бебихов [и др.] ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова, Политехнический институт (филиал), Институт физики молекул и кристаллов УФИЦ, Институт проблем сверхпластичности металлов // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 1 (95). - С. 81-88. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-81-88
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-81-88